This article talks about how economic diversity has been promoted as a way to reach stability and growth, two of the main goals of our society. However, the connection between diversity, diversification and economic performance depends on the differences between diversity and diversification. The following work is a brief review of the most used diversity measures in the economic field. Thanks to the needs of the global market, today diversity management is also an economic interest and recent literature refers mostly to diversity in business and management. It will also be possible to observe that in Italy diversity management is poorly developed.